问题描述
怎样找出一个序列中出现次数最多的元素呢?
解决方案
collections.Counter
类就是专门为这类问题而设计的,它甚至有一个有用的most_common()
方法直接给了你答案,
from collections import Counter
words = ['look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', 'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'not', 'around', 'the', 'eyes', "don't", 'look', 'around', 'the', 'eyes', 'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', "you're", 'under']
word_counts = Counter(words)
top_three = word_counts.most_common(3) # [('eyes', 8), ('the', 5), ('look', 4)]
讨论
Counter
物件在几乎所有需要制表或者计数资料的场合是非常有用的工具,在解决这类问题时应该有限选择它,而不是手动的利用字典去实作,
Counter
物件可接受任意的由可哈希(hashable)元素构成的序列物件,在底层实作上,一个Counter
就是一个字典,将元素映射到它出现的次数上,
word_counts['not'] # 1
word_counts['eyes'] # 8
如果想手动增加计数,可以简单的使用加法:
morewords = ['why', 'are', 'you', 'not', 'looking', 'in', 'my', 'eyes']
for word in morewords:
word_counts[word] += 1
"""
word_counts['eyes'] = 9
"""
或者用update()
方法:
word_counts.update(morewords)
Counter
实体还可以跟数学运算操作相结合,比如:
from collections import Counter
words = ['look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', 'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'not', 'around', 'the', 'eyes', "don't", 'look', 'around', 'the', 'eyes', 'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', "you're", 'under']
morewords = ['why', 'are', 'you', 'not', 'looking', 'in', 'my', 'eyes']
a = Counter(words)
b = Counter(morewords)
c = a + b # c = Counter({'eyes': 9, 'the': 5, 'look': 4, 'my': 4, 'into': 3, 'not': 2, 'around': 2, "don't": 1, "you're": 1, 'under': 1, 'why': 1, 'are': 1, 'you': 1, 'looking': 1, 'in': 1})
d = a - b # d = Counter({'eyes': 7, 'the': 5, 'look': 4, 'into': 3, 'my': 2, 'around': 2, "don't": 1, "you're": 1, 'under': 1})
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